First Release

Year: LVIII.
Zagreb, 05 November 2021
POD-2021-3-1

ISSN 1334-0557

BASIC INDICATORS OF BUSINESS DEMOGRAPHY, 2020 – Provisional Data

 

Enterprises monitored by business demography statistics are classified in the sections B to S of the National Classification of Activities – NKD 2007. with the exception of group K 64.2 – Activities of holding companies and section O – Public administration and defence; compulsory social security.

Until the 2019 reference year, data did not include natural persons involved in independent activities, who are the taxpayers of the lump-sum income tax. As the number of units subject to lump-sum income tax has significantly increased each year since the 2017 tax reform, the impact on business demography data has been increasing. For that reason, the scope of units covered by business demography statistics increased from 2019 onwards due to the inclusion of the aforementioned units and it is not comparable to previous years.

According to the provisional results, in 2020, there was a total of 206 331 active enterprises employing 1 197 588 persons.

Within the total number of active enterprises in 2020, the most represented were enterprises in the activities of Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (section G), Professional, scientific and technical activities (section M), Construction (section F) and Manufacturing (section C).

The largest shares in the total number of employed persons were recorded in Manufacturing (section C) and Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (section G).

Within the total number of enterprise births in 2020, the activities with the largest shares were Professional, scientific and technical activities (section M), Construction (section F) and Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (section G).

There was a decrease in survival rates compared to previous periods, which could have been caused by difficulties in the economy, which are a consequence of the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020.

Within the total number of enterprise deaths in 2019, the largest shares belonged to enterprises in the activities of Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (section G), Professional, scientific and technical activities (section M) and Accommodation and food service activities (section I).

 

Notice

Data for 2019 and 2020 are not comparable with data from previous years due to the enlargement of the coverage of active enterprises. In addition, until the 2019 reference year, legal and natural persons were used as the equivalent of enterprise, while since 2019, the definition of enterprise according to the EU methodology has been applied. This means that in some cases several legal entities that are part of the same group of enterprises are grouped into one enterprise if their activities are related and form part of the same production process.

1 NUMBER OF ENTERPRISES, BY ACTIVITY STATUS

         2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 20201)
Number of active enterprises 161 754 163 109 168 168 175 022 207 713 206 331
Number of enterprise births  13 258 14 026 14 792 16 667 26 192 19 498
Number of enterprise deaths 13 893 12 768 11 062 13 739 24 6901)

1) Provisional data. Final data will be published in the database on 8 July 2022.

G-1 NUMBER OF ENTERPRISES, BY ACTIVITY STATUS, 2015-2020

1) Provisional data. Final data for the number of active enterprises and enterprise births for 2020 and the number of enteprise deaths for 2019, will be published in the database on 8 July 2022.

2 NUMBER OF ACTIVE ENTERPRISES AND NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED, ACCORDING TO NKD 2007.

           2018 2019 20201)
Number of enterprises Number of persons employed Number of enterprises Number of persons employed Number of enterprises Number of persons employed
Total       175 022 1 142 972 207 713 1 224 872 206 331 1 197 588
B Mining and quarrying  237 4 008 203 1 910 194 2 133
C Manufacturing 20 039 268 499 22 361 279 214 22 159 271 164
D Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 649 14 045 599 14 685 569 14 671
E Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 825 29 780 838 31 543 852 31 620
F Construction 19 153 106 088 22 959 119 702 24 043 126 422
G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 35 865 232 199 36 919 243 616 35 386 238 551
H Transportation and storage 9 473 81 668 13 635 92 583 12 868 89 927
I Accommodation and food service activities 21 069 109 463 21 888 117 053 20 767 99 580
J Information and communication 7 455 44 802 11 091 51 511 11 717 53 424
K Financial and insurance activities (without 64.2) 1 166 38 480 1 406 38 870 1 321 34 866
L Real estate activities 5 116 12 320 5 365 11 328 5 171 12 256
M Professional, scientific and technical activities 26 616 76 544 32 642 84 390 33 410 86 165
N Administrative and support service activities 8 041 58 035 11 710 60 355 11 248 57 078
P Education 1 872 9 582 2 541 10 025 2 772 10 748
Q Human health and social work activities 6 520 25 452 6 594 25 667 6 602 26 463
R Arts, entertainment and recreation 2 423 14 084 3 140 15 219 3 159 14 959
S Other service activities 8 503 17 923 13 822 27 201 14 093 27 561

1) Provisional data. Final data will be published in the database on 8 July 2022.

3 NUMBER OF ENTERPRISE BIRTHS AND PERSONS EMPLOYED, ACCORDING TO NKD 2007.

         2018 2019 20201)
Number of enterprises Number of persons employed Number of enterprises Number of persons employed Number of enterprises Number of persons employed
Total         16 667 34 826 26 192 41 685 19 498 29 277
B Mining and quarrying  15 15 8 10 9 67
C Manufacturing 1 351 3 596 2 006 3 785 1 562 2 724
D Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 33 41 37 49 59 62
E Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 49 76 59 105 50 73
F Construction 2 098 4 485 3 379 6 827 2 865 5 399
G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 2 862 4 840 3 172 4 870 2 537 3 629
H Transportation and storage 1 202 1 993 2 230 3 353 1 247 2 072
I Accommodation and food service activities 2 931 10 255 2 774 6 576 1 736 3 647
J Information and communication 871 1 294 2 215 2 674 1 682 2 025
K Financial and insurance activities (without 64.2) 48 67 110 148 85 113
L Real estate activities 612 717 703 803 504 550
M Professional, scientific and technical activities 2 203 3 073 4 284 5 156 3 492 4 046
N Administrative and support service activities 1 073 2 146 2 091 3 184 1 211 1 661
P Education 167 322 479 590 426 510
Q Human health and social work activities 235 505 279 523 385 762
R Arts, entertainment and recreation 289 360 617 753 394 472
S Other service activities 628 1 041 1 749 2 279 1 254 1 465

1) Provisional data. Final data will be published in the database on 8 July 2022.

4 SURVIVAL RATE1) OF ENTERPRISES BORN FROM 2015 TO 2019

%

      Births in
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
One-year survivals 84 85 89 85 782)
Two-year survivals 71 75 76 672) ...
Three-year survivals 63 65 632) ... ...
Four-year survivals 57 542) ... ... ...
Five-year survivals 492) ... ... ... ...

1) Survival rate represents the percentage of enterprises that were constantly active after the year of birth.
2) Provisional data. Final data will be published in the database on 8 July 2022.

G-2 SURVIVAL RATE1) OF ENTERPRISES BORN FROM 2015 TO 2019

1) Survival rate represents the percentage of enterprises that were constantly active after the year of birth. Provisional data. Final data will be published in the database on 8 July 2022.

5 NUMBER OF ENTERPRISE DEATHS AND PERSONS EMPLOYED, ACCORDING TO NKD 2007.

    
        
   
       
2017 2018 20191)
Number of enterprises Number of persons employed Number of enterprises Number of persons employed Number of enterprises Number of persons employed
Total          11 062 16 683 13 739 21 427 24 690 32 055
B Mining and quarrying  9 10 17 17 26 28
C Manufacturing 1 050 1 829 1 337 2 434 2 182 3 210
D Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 60 71 51 54 101 132
E Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 30 37 51 66 53 60
F Construction 1 210 1 840 1 562 2 423 2 362 3 322
G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 2 703 3 708 3 316 4 639 4 375 5 529
H Transportation and storage 474 693 621 1 130 1 397 1 840
I Accommodation and food service activities 2 049 4 113 2 437 5 015 3 084 5 279
J Information and communication 374 492 518 644 1 622 1 761
K Financial and insurance activities (without 64.2) 66 65 52 58 133 157
L Real estate activities 412 435 592 652 1 347 1 383
M Professional, scientific and technical activities 1 134 1 329 1 324 1 627 3 996 4 381
N Administrative and support service activities 545 766 806 1 241 1 847 2 275
P Education 86 85 124 181 352 454
Q Human health and social work activities 71 127 67 130 140 183
R Arts, entertainment and recreation 177 167 283 326 446 494
S Other service activities 612 916 581 790 1 227 1 567

1) Provisional data. Final data will be published in the database on 8 July 2022.

NOTES ON METHODOLOGY

Business demography data are prepared in line with the methodology developed by Eurostat and OECD.

Data sources

Business demography statistics is based on data from the Statistical Business Register (SBR) of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics.

Observation units

The main observation unit used for business demography statistics is an enterprise. Each enterprise as a whole is assigned a code number of its principal activity according to the National Classification of Activities. The principal activity is determined and updated by the Statistical Business Register. The criterion for determining the principal activity is the largest share in the total value added of an enterprise. If it is not possible to obtain accurate information on the value added, the activity classification has to be determined by using substitute criteria such as income and/or number of persons employed.

Coverage

Business demography data refer to enterprises registered in the SBR that are classified in sections B – S according to the NKD 2007., with the exception of activity K 64.2 Activities of holding companies, and section O – Public administration and defence; compulsory social security.

Definitions and explanations

Enterprise in the statistical sense is a business entity that represents an Enterprise in the statistical sense is a business entity that represents an organisational unit for producing goods and/or services and benefits from a certain degree of autonomy. Depending on the business and organisational situation, it may correspond to only one legal unit or a group of several legal units. In addition to legal entities, enterprises also include free lances and crafts (since 2019, also those whose activity has been determined on the basis of lump sum income tax reports). Council Regulation (EEC) No. 696/93 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community. Until the 2019 reference year, legal entities and natural persons were treated as proxies for enterprises, while the use of the common EU definition of enterprises will ensure a clear distinction between these terms.

Number of active enterprises is the number of enterprises registered in the Statistical Business Register that were active during at least a part of the reference year.

Enterprise is considered to be active if it either had employment or realised turnover or investments.

Number of persons employed is defined as the total number of persons who work in an enterprise (including working proprietors, partners working regularly in the unit, unpaid family workers and voluntary workers), as well as persons who work outside the enterprise who belong to it and are paid by it, calculated as an annual average.

Enterprise births include enterprises that started an economic activity in the reference year.

Births exclude events such as mergers, break-ups, split-offs or restructuring of a set of enterprises.

Enterprise birth is not equal to registration of enterprise in a competent register. It is the result of the comparison and analysis of populations of active enterprises in three consecutive years.

Enterprise deaths include enterprises that have not been economically active for two consecutive years after the last year of activity. Deaths exclude enterprises that ceased to operate due to a split-up, take-over or merger.

Survived enterprise is the one without discontinuity in its activity status in years after the year of birth.

Survival rate of newly born enterprises in a given reference period is the number of enterprises that were born in year xx-n and survived to year xx as a percentage of all enterprises born in year xx-n.

Territorial constitution

Population covers enterprises resident in the Republic of Croatia.

Abbreviations
 
COVID-19 COrona VIrus Disease-19
EEC European Economic Community
EU European Union
Eurostat Statistical Office of the European Communities
NKD 2007. National Classification of Activities, 2007 version
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
SBR Statistical Business Register

 

Symbols  
   
... data not available

 

 

Published by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, Ilica 3, P. O. B. 80.
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Persons responsible:
Milenka Primorac Čačić, Director of Business Statistics Directorate
Lidija Brković, Director General

Prepared by:
Zrinka Pavlović and Ana Veledar


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